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It is a respiratory disorder that is followed or accompanied by a recent viral or bacterial infection of the lungs such as a cold or flu. Children that suffer from broncholitis (inflammation of the bronchial tubes of the lungs) may also suffer from this, or during an acute phase of asthma.

Croup is a viral respiratory infection that is easily passed among children. Common causes include parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, and measles.
Other possible causes include bacteria, allergies, and inhaled irritants. Acid reflux from the stomach can trigger croup.

The main symptom is a harsh strong cough that sounds like a bark. A temperature of 100 to 101 is normal for a person suffering from croup. Croup lasts for three to seven days and is worse at night, progressively getting better each night. It may cause a few sleepless nights but will not harm them.
Croup is typically much worse at night. Steam or cool air might briefly reduce the swelling in the larynx and improve the symptoms.

A physical examination may show chest retractions with breathing. Listening to the chest through a stethoscope may reveal prolonged inspiration or expiration, wheezing, and decreased breath sounds.
An examination of throat may reveal a red epiglottis. A neck x-ray may reveal a foreign object or narrowing of the trachea.

The complications are:
- Respiratory distress
- Respiratory arrest
- Epiglottitis
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Atelectasis (collapse of part of the lung)
- Dehydration